BRAZILIAN CLIMATE LEADERSHIP AND THE COP30: OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES IN A CONTEXT OF GEOPOLITICAL INSTABILITY AND MULTILATERALISM CRISIS

Resumo

The climate emergency and the growing fragmentation of global environmental governance present Brazil with unique challenges and opportunities as the host of COP 30 in Belém, Pará. This article aims to analyze Brazil’s potential to consolidate its position as an international climate leader by examining its role as conference host and the interplay between domestic environmental policies and climate diplomacy in a context of geopolitical instability and multilateralism crisis. It is based on the hypothesis that strengthening domestic environmental policies and adopting a proactive climate diplomacy can enhance Brazil’s soft power and its contribution to tackling the climate crisis. The methodology combines bibliographic and documentary research with a normative analysis of international environmental instruments (UNFCCC, Paris Agreement, and COP decisions), as well as a critical assessment of Brazil’s recent foreign policy. The study concludes that Brazil’s climate leadership relies on the integration of internal and external actions, enabling the country to reposition itself as a key actor in global environmental governance, overcome geopolitical constraints, and contribute to building more inclusive and equitable solutions to climate change.